Mike Allen

Senior Research Fellow in Applied Healthcare Modelling and Data Science

Publications

Alton, A., Flynn, D., Burgess, D., Ford, G.A,. Price, C., James, M., McMeekin, P, Allen, M., Shaw, L. White, P. (2024) Stroke Survivor Views on Ambulance Redirection as a Strategy to Increase Access to Thrombectomy in England. British Paramedic Journal (in press).

Pearn, K, Allen, M., Laws, A., Monks, T., Everson, R. and James, M. (2023). What Would Other Emergency Stroke Teams Do? Using Explainable Machine Learning to Understand Variation in Thrombolysis Practice. European Stroke Journal 8 (4): 956–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/23969873231189040.

James, C., Allen, M,. James, M., Everson, R. (2023) Using machine learning and clinical registry data to uncover variation in clinical decision making. Intelligence-Based Medicine. 7, 100098. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmed.2023.100098.

Zhelev, Z., Peters, J., Rogers, M, Allen, M., Kijauskaite, G., Seedat F., Wilkinson, E. , Hyde, C. (2023) Test accuracy of artificial intelligence-based grading of fundus images in diabetic retinopathy screening: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Screening. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09691413221144382 DOI: 10.1177/09691413221144382/ ID: JMS-22-123.R3.

Allen, M. James, C., Frost,J., Liabo, K., Pearn, K., Monks, T., Everson, R., Stein, K. and James, M. (2022). Use of Clinical Pathway Simulation and Machine Learning to Identify Key Levers for Maximizing the Benefit of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Stroke. Stroke. 2022;53:2758–2767 DOI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038454 (https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038454). Editorial at: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.039954

Michael Allen, Kerry Pearn, Martin James, Phil White and Ken Stein (2022). How many comprehensive and acute stroke centres should the UK have? In: Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke: an implementation guide for the UK. https://www.oxfordahsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Mechanical-Thrombectomy-for-Ischaemic-Stroke-February-2022.pdf

Allen, M., James, C., Frost, J. Liabo, K., Pearn, K., Monks, T., Zhelev, Z., Logan, S., Everson, R., James, M., Stein, K. (2022). Using simulation and machine learning to maximise the benefit of intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke in England and Wales: the SAMueL modelling and qualitative study. Health and Social Care Delivery Research. 2022 Oct 21;10(31):1–148. DOI: 10.3310/GVZL5699 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36302070/ Accompanying online book: Available online at: https://samuel-book.github.io/samuel-1/. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5078131

Allen M, Pearn K, Ford GA, White P, Rudd AG, McMeekin P, Stein K, James M. (2022) National implementation of reperfusion for acute ischaemic stroke in England: How should services be configured? A modelling study. European Stroke Journal 7:28-40. doi:10.1177/23969873211063323

Allen, M., James, C., Frost, J., Liabo, K., Pearn, K., Monks, T. Zhelev, Z., Logan, S., Everson, R., James, M. & Stein, K. (2021) Stroke Audit Machine Learning (SAMueL): Use of simulation and machine learning to identify key levers for maximising the disability benefit of intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke pathways. Available online at: https://samuel-book.github.io/samuel-1/. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5078131

Monks T, Harper A, Allen M, Collins L, Mayne A. Forecasting the daily demand for emergency medical ambulances in England and Wales: a benchmark model and external validation. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2023 Jul 11;23(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s12911-023-02218-z. PMID: 37434185; PMCID: PMC10334567.

Allen M, Pearn K, Monks T. (2021) Developing an OpenAI Gym-compatible framework and simulation environment for testing Deep Reinforcement Learning agents solving the Ambulance Location Problem. arXiv:210104434 http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.04434

White, P.M., Ford, G.A., James, M., Allen, M. (2020) Regarding thrombectomy centre volumes and maximising access to thrombectomy services for stroke in England: A modelling study and mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke: An implementation guide for the UK. Eur Stroke J 2020;5:451–2. doi:10.1177/2396987320971126

Allen, M. & Salmon, A. (2020) Synthesising artificial patient-level data for Open Science - an evaluation of five methods. medRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.20210138

Allen M, Bhanji A, Willemsen J, Dudfield S, Logan S & Monks T (2020) A simulation modelling toolkit for organising outpatient dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLOS ONE 15(8): e0237628. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237628

Allen M, Monks T. (2020) Integrating Deep Reinforcement Learning Networks with Health System Simulations. arXiv:200807434 [cs] Published Online First: 21 July 2020. http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.07434

Allen, M., Pearn, K., Stein, K, and James, M. (2020) Estimation of stroke outcomes based on time to thrombolysis and thrombectomy. medRxiv doi:10.1101/2020.07.18.20156653

Allen M, Villeneuve E, Pitt M, & Thornton, S. (2020) How can consultant-led childbirth care at time of delivery be maximised? A modelling study. BMJ Open 2020;10:e034830. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034830

Mujica-Mota, R., Lando, P., Pitt, M., Allen, M. & Spencer, A. (2020) The heterogeneous effects of neonatal care: a model of endogenous demand for multiple treatment options based on geographical access to care. Health Economics 29:46-60 https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3970

McMeekin, P., Flynn, D., Allen, M., Coughlan, D., Ford, G.A., Lumley, H., Joyce, B.S., James, M.A., Stein, K., Burgess, B. and White, P. (2019) Estimating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of establishing additional endovascular Thrombectomy stroke Centres in England: a discrete event simulation. BMC Health Services Research 2019;19:821. doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4678-9

Allen, M., Pearn, K., Monks, T., Bray, B., Everson, R., Salmon, A., James, M. and Stein, K. (2019) Can clinical audits be enhanced by pathway simulation and machine learning? An example from the acute stroke pathway. BMJ Open 2019;9:e028296. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028296

Peulter, A, Redekop, K., Allen, M, Peters, J., Eker, O. & Severnes, J. (2019). Exploring the cost-effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy beyond six hours following advanced imaging in the UK. Stroke 50(11):3220-3227. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.026816

Allen, M., Pearn, K.,Villeneuve, E., James, M., Stein, K. (2019). Planning and providing acute stroke care in England: The effect of planning footprint size. Frontiers in Neurology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00150

Villeneuve, E., Landa, P., Allen, M., Specncer, A., Prosser, S., Gibson, A., Kesley, K., Mujica-Mota, R., Manktelow, B., Modi, N., Thornton, S. & Pitt, M. (2018) A framework to address key issues of neonatal service configuration in England: the NeoNet multimethods study. Health Serv Deliv Res 6: doi:10.3310/hsdr06350

Allen, M., Pearn, K., James, M., Ford, G.A., White, P. Rudd, A.G., McMeekin, P. & Stein, K. (2018). Maximising access to thrombectomy services for stroke in England: a modelling study. Eur. Stroke. J. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2396987318785421

Allen, M., Pearn, K., Villeneuve, E., Monks, T. Stein, K. & James, M. (2017) Feasibility of a hyper-acute stroke unit model of care across England: a modelling analysis. BMJ Open. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018143

Monks, T., Van der Zee, D-J., Lahe, M., Allen, M., Pearn, M., James, M., Buskens, E., Luijckxc, G-J. (2017) A framework to accelerate simulation studies of hyperacute stroke systems. Operations Research For Health Care 15:57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orhc.2017.09.002

Swancutt, D., Joel-Edgar, S., Allen, M., Thomas, D., Brant, H. Benger, J., Byng, R. & Pinkney, J. (2017) Not all waits are equal: an exploratory investigation of emergency care patient pathways. BMC Health Services Research 17:436 doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2349-2

Pitt, M. Monks, T. & Allen, M. (2016) Systems modelling for improving health care. BMC Health Services Research, 16, (101), supplement 1, part S18, 1.

Monks, T., Worthington, D., Allen, M., Pitt, M., Stein, K., & James, M. A. (2016). A modelling tool for capacity planning in acute and community stroke services. BMC health services research, 16, 1-8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-016-1789-4

Jonathan Pinkney, Susanna Rance, Jonathan Benger, Heather Brant, Sian Joel-Edgar, Dawn Swancutt, Debra Westlake, Mark Pearson, Daniel Thomas, Ingrid Holme, Ruth Endacott, Rob Anderson, Michael Allen, Sarah Purdy, John Campbell, Rod Sheaff, Richard Byng (2016) How can frontline expertise and new models of care best contribute to safely reducing avoidable acute admissions? A mixed-methods study of four acute hospitals. Health Services and Delivery Research, volume 4, number 3.

Monks, T. Pearn, K. & Allen, M. (2015) Simulation of Stroke Care Systems. Proceedings of the 2015 Winter Simulation Conference. L. Yilmaz, W. K. V. Chan, I. Moon, T. M. K. Roeder, C. Macal, and M. D. Rossetti, eds.

Allen M, Spencer A, Gibson A, Matthews J, Allwood A, Prosser S, Pitt, M. (2015) Right cot, right place, right time: improving the design and organisation of neonatal care networks – a computer simulation study. Health Serv Deliv Res 2015;3(20)

Pitt, M., Monks, T. & Allen, M. (2015). Systems modeling for improving healthcare. In Complex Interventions in Health. An Overview of Research Methods, Edited by David Richards & Ingalill Rahm Hallberg. pp 312-325

M. Pearson, T. Monks, A. Gibson, M. Allen, A. Komashie, A. Fordyce, F. Harris-Golesworthy, M.A. Pitt, S. Brailsford, K. Stein. (2013) Involving patients and the public in healthcare operational research—The challenges and opportunities. Operations Research for Health Care 2:86–89.

Clarey, A., Allen, M., Brace-McDonnell, S. & Cooke, M. (2013) Ambulance handovers – can a dedicated ED nurse solve the delay in ambulance turnaround times? Emerg Med J. 2014;31(5):419-420. doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-202258

Allen, M. and Thornton, S. (2013), Providing one-to-one care in labour. Analysis of ‘Birthrate Plus’ labour ward staffing in real and simulated labour ward environments. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 120: 100–107.

Allen, M. (2012) Thinking Lean in Compound Management Laboratories, in Management of Chemical and Biological Samples for Screening Applications (eds M. Wigglesworth and T. Wood), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

Allen, M.J. & Wigglesworth, M. (2009) Innovation Leading the Way: Application of Lean Manufacturing to Sample Management. J. Biomolecular Screening 14, 515-522.

Liddle, J, Allen, M.J., Borthwick, A.D., Brooks, D, Davies, D.E., Edwards, R.M., Exall, A.M., Hamlett, C., Irving, W.R., Mason, A.M., McCafferty,G.P., Nerozzi, F., Peace, S., Philip, J,. Pollard, D., Pullen, M.A., Shabbir, S.S., Sollis, S.L., Westfall, T.D., Woollard, P.M., Wuc, C and Hickey, D.M.B. (2008) The discovery of GSK221149A: A potent and selective oxytocin antagonist. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 18: 90–94

Gerald P. McCafferty, Mark A. Pullen, Charlene Wu, Richard M. Edwards, Michael J. Allen, Patrick M. Woollard, Alan D. Borthwick, John Liddle, Deirdre M. B. Hickey,2 David P. Brooks,1 and Timothy D. Westfall (2007) Use of a novel and highly selective oxytocin receptor antagonist to characterize uterine contractions in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293: R299-R305, 2007

Allen, Michael, J, Livermore, David GH, Mordaunt, Jacqueline E (2006), Oxytocin antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of preterm labour. Progress in Medicinal Chemistry 44:331-73

Alan Borthwick , Dave Davies , Anne Exall , Richard Hatley , Jennifer Hughes , Wendy Irving , David Livermore , Steve Sollis , Fabrizio Nerozzi , Klara Valko , Michael Allen , Marion Perren , Shalia Shabbir , Patrick Woollard , Mark Price (2006) 2,5-Diketopiperazines as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Oxytocin Antagonists. 3. Synthesis, Pharmacokinetics, and in Vivo Potency. J Med Chem. 2006 Jul 13: 49 (14):4159-4170

Alan Borthwick , Dave Davies , Anne Exall , David Livermore , Steve Sollis , Fabrizio Nerozzi , Michael Allen , Marion Perren , Shalia Shabbir , Patrick Woollard , Paul Wyatt (2005) 2,5-Diketopiperazines as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Oxytocin Antagonists. 2. Synthesis, Chirality, and Pharmacokinetics. J Med Chem. 2005 Nov 3;48 (22):6956-6969

Paul G. Wyatt, †, Michael J. Allenb, Alan D. Borthwicka, , , Dave E. Daviesa, Anne M. Exalla, Richard J.D. Hatleya, Wendy R. Irvinga, David G. Livermorea, Neil D. Millera, Fabrizio Nerozzia, Steve L. Sollisa and Anna Katrin Szardeningsc (2005) 2,5-Diketopiperazines as potent and selective oxytocin antagonists 1: identification, stereochemistry and initial SAR Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 15: 2579-2582

Blanks, A., Vatish, M., Allen, M.J., Ladds, G., De Wit, N., Slater, D.M. & Thornton, S. (2003) Paracrine oxytocin and estradiol demonstrate a spatial increase in human uterine tissue with labor. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 88, 3392-3400.

Wyatt, P.G., Allen, M.J,. Chilcott, J., Gardner, C.J., Livermore, D.G., Mordaunt, J.E., Nerozzi, F., Patel M., Perren, M.J., Weingarten, G.G., Shabbir, S., Woollard, P.M., Zhou, P. (2002) Identification of potent and selective oxytocin antagonists. Part 2: Further investigation of benzofuran derivatives. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 12, 1405-1411.

Wyatt, P.G., Allen, M.J., Chilcott, J., Foster, A., Livermore, D.G., Mordaunt, J.E., Scicinski, J., Woollard, P.M., (2002) Identification of potent and selective oxytocin antagonists. Part 1: Indole and benzofuran derivatives. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 12, 1399-1404.

Allen, M.J., Hall, D., Collins, B. & Moore (2002), K. A homogeneous high throughput non-radioactive method for measurement of functional activity of Gs-coupled receptors in membranes. Journal Biomolecular Screening 7, 39-48.

Beresford, I & Allen, M. (2002) Pharmacological Techniques. In Radioisotopes in Biology, a Practical Approach, 2nd Ed. IRL Press Oxford, pp233-264.

Wilson, R.J., Allen, M.J., Nandi, M., Giles, H. & Thornton, S. (2001) Spontaneous contractions of human, non-human primate and rodent myometrium are sensitive to selective oxytocin receptor antagonism in vitro. Br.J. Obstet. Gynaecol 108, 960-966.

Wyatt, P.G., Allen, M.J., Chilcott, J., Hickin, G., Miller, N.D. & Woollard, P.M. (2001) Structure-activity relationship investigations of a potent and selective benzodiazepine oxytocin antagonist. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11, 1301-1305.

Allen, M.J., Reeves, J. & Mellor, G. (2000) High Throughput Fluorescence Polarization : a homogeneous alternative to radioligand binding for cell-surface receptors. J. Biomolec. Screening 5, 63-69.

Allen, M.J. & Coleman, R.A. (1995). b2-adrenoceptors mediate a reduction in endothelial permeability in vitro. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 274, 7-15.

Allen, M.J. & Carpenter, J.R. (1992). IP3 and GTPgS cause contraction of permeabilised guinea-pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle via distinct mechanisms. Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle. Ed. G.B. Frank, Plennum Press, N.Y. pp351-353.

Funding

HDR-UK British Heart Foundation Stroke Data Science Catalyst: BHF_SC001 £21k. What are the long-term consequences of stroke on the patient and to the NHS, and what contributes to variation? April - December 2024.

NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research Reference NIHR153982 £539k: Modelling the resource requirements for implementation of mobile stroke units across the National Health Service, their cost-effectiveness, and their effect on equity of access to emergency stroke care. https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/NIHR153982. April 2023 to September 2024

NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research Reference NIHR134326: £589K Stroke Audit Machine Learning (SAMueL-2). April 2022 to March 2024. https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/NIHR134326

NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research NIHR202361: £1.983M OPTimising IMplementation of Ischaemic Stroke Thrombectomy (OptImIST). April 2021 to March 2026. https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/NIHR202361

NIHR Programme Development Grant NIHR201692: £132K Enhancing and disseminating the outputs of the Promoting Effective and Rapid Stroke Care (PEARS) NIHR PGfAR Programme Grant & facilitating thrombectomy implementation in England. Dec 2020 to Nov 2021. https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/NIHR201692

NIHR HS&DR Project: 17/99/89: £330K Use of simulation and machine learning to identify key levers for maximising the disability benefit of intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke pathways. Feb 2019 - August 2021 https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/17/99/89

NIHR HS&DR 14/19/08: £336,577. NeoNet: The right cot, at the right time, at the right place 2. Providing a national demand/capacity model for neonatal care in England. Pitt MA, Allen M, Spencer A, Gibson A, Prosser S, Manktelow B, Thornton S, Modi N. (2014-2017) https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/14/19/08

NIHR SDO 10/1011/48: £133,468. The right cot, at the right time, at the right place. Use of Neonatal Survey data and computer simulation technology to improve design and organisation of neonatal care networks. Pitt MA, Gibson A, Allen M, Manktelow BN, Allwood ACL, Spencer A, Prosser S. (2011-2014) https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/10/1011/48